Making Electric Power Grids Resilient and Secure, Green Tech, Page 21
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Page content: MultiScaleTimeHierarchyofPowerSystems ACTION / OPERATION TIME FRAME Wave effects (fast dynamics, lightning caused overvoltages) Microseconds to milliseconds Switching overvoltages Milliseconds Fault protection 100 milliseconds or a few cycles Electromagnetic effects in machine windings Milliseconds to seconds Stability 60 cycles or 1 second Stability Augmentation Seconds Electromechanical effects of oscillations in motors & generators Milliseconds to minutes Tie line load frequency control 1 to 10 seconds; ongoing Economic load dispatch 10 seconds to 1 hour; ongoing Thermodynamic changes from boiler control action (slow dynamics) Seconds to hours System structure monitoring (what is energized & what is not) Steady state; on-going System state measurement and estimation Steady state; on-going System security monitoring Steady state; on-going Load Management, load forecasting, generation scheduling 1 hour to 1 day or longer; ongoing. Maintenance scheduling Months to 1 year; ongoing. Expansion planning Years; ongoing Power plant site selection, design, construction, environmental impact, etc. 10 years or longer 2011Nopartofthispresentationmaybereproducedinanyform withoutpriorauthorization. | ||||||
